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Josef Greindl (23 December 1912 - 16 April 1993) was a German operatic bass, remembered mainly for his performances of Wagnerian roles at Bayreuth beginning in 1943. Josef Greindl was born in Munich and studied at the Munich Music Academy with Paul Bender. His opera debut was in 1936, as Hunding in Wagner's ''Die Walküre'' in the State Theatre in Krefeld. He joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi Party, in 1939.〔Fred K. Prieberg: ''Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945'', CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, p. 2.503.〕 In 1944, Adolf Hitler included him in the Gottbegnadeten list ("God-gifted List"), which exempted him from the requirement to serve in the German military.〔Ernst Klee, ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945'', S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5, p.197.〕 He played the part of King Marke in the 1952 Furtwängler recording of ''Tristan und Isolde''. This vintage recording often appears in critics list of the top 100 greatest recordings, since Kirsten Flagstad was also in the cast. He sang at the Metropolitan Opera in 1952-3. He sang in Wieland Wagner's last ''Ring''. In 1973, he became a professor at the Vienna Hochschule and later died in that city. His daughter Gudrun Greindl Rosner is also a singer. Josef Greindl had a voice like a gravel quarry—massive, wide, deep, rough, and ancient-sounding, grey-timbred rather than black. From the mid-1940s through the late 1960s he was one of the three or four leading performers of Wagner's and Mozart's big bass roles, possessing the size and strength for the former and the dexterity, brains, and extreme range for the latter. He frequently appeared as Fafner, Hunding, and Hagen in the same performance of the ''Ring Cycle'', which made him the only singer in the cast who had to perform all four nights. His earliest recorded singing was at Bayreuth, as Pogner the goldsmith, a character in his fifties or sixties, in 1943 when he (Greindl) was 31 years old. Although he was not as tall as some other big basses, his stage-presence was formidable. He was not nearly as well-publicised as his frequent co-star Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, but Josef Greindl's recorded repertoire is almost equally wide and full, including besides Mozart and Wagner beyond reckoning, operatic roles by Gluck, Verdi, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Smetana, Weber, Berg, Orff, and Beethoven; lieder by Schubert and Carl Loewe; and sacred music by Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, Schubert, and Rossini. Although he was famous for the low bass parts, his top was very comfortable and he began experimenting with higher-pitched roles in the 1960s: Hans Sachs (at which he excelled), the Wanderer in ''Siegfried'', the title character in ''Der fliegende Holländer'' and even Don Alphonso in ''Così fan tutte''.〔New York Times obituary April 3, 1993〕 He can be seen on video as Hans Sachs, Hagen (brief excerpts only), Rocco, King Phillip, and the Commendatore, and as Hunding in a concert performance of Act I of ''Die Walküre''. ==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Josef Greindl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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